Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being absorbed and replaced. But with age, a person’s bone mass and density typically decreases. In some cases, it can lead to weak and brittle bones—a condition known as osteoporosis. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 40 million people suffer from either osteoporosis or low bone mass.
Osteoporosis is a progressive disease. As people grow older, the process of replacing existing bone with new bone slows down and you start to lose bone density either due to losing too much bone, making too little bone or both.
Osteoporosis affects both men and women. However, it is more common in women after menopause due to the reduction of estrogen in the body. Also, people who are Caucasian or of Asian descent are most likely to develop the disease.
Other common risk factors include family history, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, smoking, certain medications, low body weight and a small-boned frame. Overactive thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands are also linked to osteoporosis.
Inadequate calcium intake can also cause osteoporosis. Other nutrient deficiencies that appear to have a role in bone formation include vitamins D and K, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper and boron.
The National Osteoporosis Foundation calls it the “silent disease” because there are virtually no symptoms of bone loss in the early stages.
However, its main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures. The bones become so brittle that even a slight fall can cause a fracture, which commonly occur in the hips, wrists or spine. During the later stages, there may be some signs and symptoms like back pain, loss of height over time, a stooped posture and limited mobility.
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